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The Bread of Angels (Panis Angelicus): A Sermon for Proper 13B

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April 4, 2024

One of the lovely things about growing older is the way in which ordinary things can evoke memories. It might be a smell that can inspire a mental image of a memorable meal. It might be a popular song from decades ago that reminds us of our high school or college days. For me, that’s true of hymns or scripture verses. There are hymns that I associate with my dad or the church I grew up in. And there are scripture verses.

One of those verses is in today’s Psalm portion: 78:25 “So mortals ate the bread of angels; *he provided for them food enough.” Whenever I read that verse, during Morning Prayer or on Sundays, an image of Larry Proli comes to mind.

Corrie and I came into the Episcopal Church back in 1992, at St. Paul’s Newburyport, Mass. Among the unique characters in that parish—every parish has a few, was Larry Proli. Retired, in his 70s probably, Larry was a quintessential New Jersy Italian-American. Straight out of central casting. He could have been an extra in a Scorsese movie. He had the accent, the gestures and mannerisms, the personality of an Italian-American grandfather. There was just one thing that didn’t fit. He was an ordained pastor in the Dutch Reformed (Christian Reformed) Church. As a child, growing up poor in a New Jersey city, somehow, he had begun attending Sunday school in a Christian Reformed Church and went on to get ordained. 

He and his wife Jan—who by the way was straight out of central casting for a Dutch woman in her 70s organized the parish’s monthly meal for single moms and their kids. They helped out in lots of other ways, small and large. Larry, though it was against the canons, distributed communion alongside the Rector, and that’s where my memory of him is fixed.

It was Easter Day and we came up to the altar rail. As he gave me the host, Larry said “Panis angelicus, the bread of angels.” It broke me. We left that parish in 1994 and have never been back; I never saw Larry again, I’ve never seen anyone from that congregation in the decades since. But every time I read that psalm in Morning Prayer or on Sunday, I think of Larry, of the bread of angels, and of the banquet where he and Jan are now feasting with all of the angels and saints.

The bread of angels.

Funny thing, that, because the hosts we use in our Eucharist bear little resemblance to real bread, let alone to whatever the bread of angels might look like.

Bread. Think about all the different types of bread there are—the mundane, for example, the ironically-named “wonder bread.” Or what passes for bread in our celebrations of the eucharist—little discs of hard, tasteless, baked wheat. Think of the best bread you’ve ever had—home-baked right out of the oven, or crusty French baguette, eaten with olive oil and a glass of wine. Bread comes in many shapes and sizes, made with thousands of different ingredients, deriving from vastly different cultures and culinary traditions. Life without bread is unimaginable, even for those who are gluten-intolerant, or have celiac disease. There are breads made for them as well. Like wonder bread or the hosts we use in the Eucharist, bread can be industrialized and standardized. But at its best bread reflects the baker, the ingredients, the oven, and the community in which it is baked and which, when it’s broken, it creates.

In the first lesson, the reading from Exodus, we encounter a very strange kind of bread. The Israelites have fled from Egypt, crossed the Red Sea, and now they are camped at the foot of Mt. Sinai (called Horeb) in this text, where they will receive the 10 commandments and other laws. But they aren’t happy campers. Things are rough, and some of them are looking back with nostalgia on the life they left behind in Egypt. Yes, they may have been slaves, but at least they had food, drink and shelter. Never mind that the God who called them out of Egypt had unleashed a series of deadly plagues, fought on their behalf at the Red Sea drowning the Egyptian army. The present was difficult, the future uncertain, and the people were hungry, thirsty, and tired. No doubt if you’ve ever been camping with your family, you know this dynamic.

In response, God provides them with their daily bread and with quails for sustenance. The bread is called manna, which is derived from the Hebrew words for “What is it?”—the question they asked when they saw it for the first time in the morning. The manna appeared six days a week, with enough on the sixth day to provide food for the Sabbath as well. When the Hebrews experimented by gathering more than they needed for one day, they discovered that it spoiled overnight. Thus, the theme in John 6 about the bread that perishes and the bread that lives forever.

In the ancient world, where what we call food insecurity was the reality, not for 20 or 30% of the population, but probably for 90%, the notion of having enough food to eat, eating and being filled, was a powerful image indeed. The petition in the Lord’s Prayer, “Give us today our daily bread” was not pious platitude; it was necessary. In John 6, the crowd had good reason to follow after Jesus—it wasn’t just their desire to see another miracle, or get a free meal, it was the prospect of once again, eating until they were full—perhaps something they had never experienced before, and might never experience again.

Bread and Circus. In ancient Rome it was said, if emperors provided bread and circus, food and entertainment, the mob wouldn’t revolt. So it’s hardly a surprise that as we read in last week’s gospel, their stomachs filled by the loaves and fish, the crowd wanted to proclaim Jesus king, he gave them bread and entertainment. Food, by feeding them, and entertainment, by the miraculous feeding as well as the many healings he performed. So often we’re like that too. We want the miracle, the spectacle. We want to be awed. We want the earth to move.

Today marks the 15th anniversary of the beginning of our ministry together in this place. Over the years, we’ve been through a great deal: renovations, pandemic, the passing on to the larger life of so many of our friends and loved ones. We’re going through a great deal right now, enough perhaps to shake our faith. And we gather to listen to God’s word, to be nourished by the body and blood of Christ, to taste and see Christ’s presence among us. Over the years, I’ve presided at more than 2000 Eucharists—some of them have been spectacular with a full church, choir musical instruments. More than a few have been tiny, intimate, sometimes with no more than one person besides me. Sometimes, I go through the motions, barely noticing. Sometimes, I am moved to tears.

And sometimes it’s just not enough. The meager host, the sip of wine seem little more than a trace of the sustenance we need, the presence we crave. Our disappointment lingers, we yearn for more. And yet it may be that the stranger next to us, unbeknownst to us is receiving what she desires: a taste of heaven, the bread of angels.

Among the mysteries of our faith is that Christ can come to us in many ways, in the spectacular, the miraculous, and in the mundane, the every day. For us to be open to Christ’s presence can mean being open to the grace of the ordinary. It can also mean feeding on the bread of angels. May our hearts be open to that presence, may our eyes see that presence, may our mouths taste that presence, in bread and wine, in the conviviality of a meal or the gathering of God’s people. May we be nourished by the bread of angels, panis angelicus.  

Reaching for the hem of his garment: A Sermon for Proper 8B, 2024

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I wonder how many of us feel desperate this morning, weighed down by the challenges we face, the world’s problem, an election season that promises to be full of anger, hatred, and fear. We see a world falling into chaos, with so many millions suffering the violence of war and political division, hunger, and homelessness. Our political system criminalizes homelessness, forces women to give birth at the risk of their own lives and that of their babies. And the only solutions that seem to be offered are bibles or displays of the Ten Commandments in every school classroom.

We are full of fear, despairing, dreading tomorrow or the next day, or the next four years. And we wonder as the voices of White Supremacy and Christian Nationalism grow louder and ever more shrill, whether the Jesus Christ whom we follow and in whom we put our faith … can speak to us and to the world, whether his death and resurrection can continue to give us hope, and strength, and courage.

Whatever those larger problems and challenges, on the national or global stage, there are also challenges that we face as individuals. Most, if not all of us, could tell some story about the horrors of our health care system. Maybe it’s the runaround we’re given when we try to get an appointment or a second opinion. Or it could be  the exorbitant costs of treatment which is the leading cause of bankruptcies in America. Or it could be the frustration that comes from a chronic problem that remains uncured after years or decades. It’s a broken system and the only people who seem to benefit from it are the corporations that increasingly seem to be running things. Even medical professionals, doctors and nurses, are overworked, underpaid, and frustrated.

So there’s a real sense of empathy when we come to today’s gospel story and hear these two stories of healing from Mark’s gospel.

In today’s reading, Jesus and his disciples come back home to Galilee after their foray into Gentile territory. Jesus gathers a crowd by the sea, a great crowd gathers, and presumably, Jesus is about to begin teaching. But he’s interrupted by Jairus, the leader of the synagogue, who asks him to come heal his daughter. So Jesus goes with him. But as he goes, he’s interrupted again. This is a favorite technique of Mark’s, to tell a story within a story. In doing so, he presents us with two very different sets of characters, two very different healings, and in those contrasts, hopes we will learn something new about Jesus.

Jesus and his disciples are walking along. They have returned from their visit to the other side of the lake, a journey we saw them on last week. As they go, they encounter Jairus, a ruler of the synagogue, who implores Jesus to come and heal his sick 12-year old daughter. And so they go.

But before they can get very far, Jesus has another encounter. He hardly notices it, only because he senses power going out from him does he realize that someone has come to him. It’s a woman. She’s been suffering from hemorrhages of blood for twelve years. That makes her ritually impure, and contagious to those she encounters. And she’s tried everything, doctors, quack cures. This is her last, desperate, grasping at straws, attempt to be healed. So she sneaks in through the crowd, touches Jesus’ cloak, and is healed. 

When Jesus asks, “who touched me” his disciples respond with ridicule. There’s a crowd pressing around, how can we know, why are you worried about having been touched in the jostling? But Jesus persists, and the woman, in fear and trembling, comes clean. The contrast between the boldness of her actions in seeking healing and her response when challenged by Jesus is striking. In fear and trembling, she falls down at his feet, and “told him the whole truth.” Jesus comforts her: “Daughter, your faith has made you well, go in peace.”

As soon as the woman leaves, messengers from Jairus arrive to tell Jesus that there’s no point in continuing on to Jairus’ home. The girl has died. But Jesus persists, telling him, “Do not fear, only believe.” When they arrive, they are greeted by another crowd. This time, instead of jostling for position, the crowd is weeping and wailing, mourning the girl’s death. Jesus takes his closest disciples with him, Jairus’ family, too, and enters the sickroom. This time, instead of being touched by the one who would be healed, Jesus reaches out his hand to touch her. He tells her, get up. She does, restored to life and to her family. 

As I said, this story is an example of one of Mark’s signature techniques, often called the “sandwich” story, in which he interrupts his narrative with another story that often duplicates some of the same details and themes. So in this case, we have two healings, but two very different people: a ruler of the synagogue and a woman.

Think of the contrast between them: a man, a woman. A ruler of the synagogue, pillar of the community, a man of prestige, honor, probably wealth. The woman; she’s probably not been inside a synagogue in twelve years. She certainly hasn’t entered the temple in all that time to perform the required sacrifices. Her malady makes her ritually impure. She’s destitute, we’re told.

Think about how they approach Jesus: The ruler can expect Jesus to pay attention. He could approach as an equal but he doesn’t. Instead, he bows at Jesus’ feet, begging him to help. The woman, on the other hand, sneaks up to Jesus. She doesn’t dare confront him. Instead, it’s enough to touch his garment. But when Jesus notices her, like Jairus, she bows in deference, fear and trembling.

But there are also interesting comparisons between the woman and the synagogue ruler’s daughter. The girl, who is twelve, is born the year the woman’s illness began. They are healed on the same day. Just as the woman’s ailment makes her ritually impure, the girl’s body is ritually impure and makes all those who touch it impure. By restoring her to life, and by restoring the woman to health Jesus does more than heal them, he restores them to their community. And the woman is restored to community just as the girl is. When he heals her, Jesus calls her “Daughter”—creating relationship where there had been none, giving her status and identity.

So these are healings, not just physical, though they are that. They are also healings of community, of relationships, restoring to wholeness things that were broken. We might think about all the ways in which illness and infirmity estrange us from one another—we might be hesitant to share our struggles with others in our community or congregation. We might be forced to remain distant from community, forced by frail bodies to remain in our homes, unable to go to church or other gathering places. We might ponder how illness or physical struggle can estrange us from God. Jesus’ healings are about much more than fixing a physical ailment. They are signs of the coming of God’s reign.

And yet. We feel the despair of the woman who approaches Jesus with no hope. We look for signs of God’s coming reign and see only brokenness, death, destruction, evil. I was watching the livestream of General Convention, Friday, thinking about this sermon, seeing the pundits’ reaction to Thursday’s debate, the avalanche of Supreme Court opinions wreaking havoc to our nation and to our globe, with others looming tomorrow. All the while, the deputies were debating the meaning of “memorialization” an obscure issue related to the role of the Book of Common Prayer in the life of our Church. I immediately thought of Nero fiddling while Rome burned, but in this instance, the fires of institutional collapse were licking at the deputies’ feet.

But then came the vote on the reunification of the dioceses of Wisconsin. Our own John Johnson stood to testify and spoke eloquently about our state’s culture and history, the hard work that was done, the relationships that were built. And after the vote, in her remarks, my friend Jana Troutman-Miller bore witness to the important role of the Oneida in the history of the Episcopal Church in Wisconsin. And our new Presiding Bishop, Sean Rowe, of NW Pennsylvania and Western New York, has witnessed first hand the hollowing out of industry in the towns and cities of W. Pa, and has thought deeply about how to bring about change in the midst of decline and crisis.

Our challenges may persist more than twelve years. We may be at our wit’s end, full of fear and dread, but Jesus walks before us preaching the good news, healing the sick, bringing hope to the broken-hearted. Let us grasp the hem of his robe in fear and trembling, and may the healing power of his love and grace fill our hearts and bodies, and the whole world.

Bunnies, Mustard Seeds, and the Coming of God’s Reign: A sermon for Proper 7B

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I didn’t post this earlier.

Proper 6B

June 16, 2024

I’m going to tell you a story. It may not be a parable but it may get at something central about parables. On Wednesday morning, as I was coming into the courtyard here at church, I encountered a woman who was walking around and enjoying its beauty. But it seemed like she was looking for something. So I asked her, “May I be of help?” 

She said that she was looking for the baby bunny she had seen the day before. She had a lanyard around her neck, so she was here for a conference and had seen the rabbits the day before while walking back to her hotel. She was disappointed that the baby bunnies were nowhere to be found, although there was an adult sitting in the grass a few feet from us as we chatted. 

Our conversation was ironic, though she didn’t know it. Just before I got on my bike to come to church, my wife had come in from the garden complaining. She had put out new plants the day before, and that morning found one of them had been eaten by the rabbits. I guess the coyote I had seen strolling through the yard a month or two ago hadn’t been back recently.

To the stranger passing by, the bunnies in our courtyard were cute, enjoyable to watch. To gardeners, they are pests. To my cats, who watch them from our screened-in porch, they’re potential playmates or prey, though they remain tantalizingly out of reach. 

What might bunnies have to do with the Reign of God? What do mustard seeds and rabbits have in common?

Jesus taught in parables. That is something on which the synoptic gospels agree (it’s less obvious in the Gospel of John where Jesus uses other methods of teaching). But just what a parable is might not be clear. They are stories, or observations, taken from daily life that Jesus uses to describe the Kingdom, or reign, of God. We have two examples in today’s gospel:

The kingdom of God is as if someone would scatter seed on the ground, and would sleep and rise night and day, and the seed would sprout and grow, he does not know how.

With what can we compare the kingdom of God, or what parable will we use for it? It is like a mustard seed, which, when sown upon the ground, is the smallest of all the seeds on earth; yet when it is sown it grows up and becomes the greatest of all shrubs, and puts forth large branches, so that the birds of the air can make nests in its shade. 

         The reign of God is like a mustard seed, which is the smallest of all seeds, but when it grows up becomes the largest of the shrubs. That’s right, the reign of God is like a bush. Now, I’m sure if you’ve ever heard a sermon on this parable, you’ve heard some sort of comparison made between the mustard seed and faith; if you only have a little faith, it can grow and mature into something great.

But here Jesus does not compare mustard seed to faith. He compares mustard seed to the reign of God. Indeed, we need to keep one central thing in mind when we read the parables. They are intended to disorient us, to challenge our ordinary perception, to make us think and see the world in a new way. That’s often quite hard to do because of their familiarity. We’ve heard them so often we think we know what they mean, we think they can only mean one thing. And often, the gospels themselves insert an interpretation that forces a meaning upon us. 

Let’s listen to this parable again, in all of its brevity. The reign of God is like a mustard seed, which is the smallest of all seeds. But when it grows up, it becomes the biggest of the shrubs, and puts forth large branches, and birds make their nests in its shade.

Now, just a couple of things before we go on. First, mustard. It’s not something that people would ordinarily have planted in the ancient world. Sure they used it as a spice and as a medicinal, but mustard was then, as it is now, something of a weed. It’s rarely planted because when it is, it can take over a garden or a field in a relatively short time. It’s what we would call an invasive species, and what gardener would plant it, knowing that in a few years she would be fighting it.

The second observation I have is that it doesn’t become a big tree. It grows into a shrub, really, literally, a large plant. So, it’s not giant by any means. It’s not stately or beautiful. It’s a shrub.

So I ask again, how is the reign of God like a mustard seed? To provide another perspective from which to interpret the parable, let’s think about what ancient people might have imagined the relationship between a seed and the plant that developed from it might be. Clearly they knew that seeds produced plants and trees. They require water, soil, and nutrients to thrive. But they didn’t understand or even know the science of botany. To give just one example of ancient reflection, many people imagined that somehow the seed contained within it somehow, the full-grown plant. We needn’t concern ourselves with the details, suffice it to say that for some ancients, looked at one way, the seed was the seed, another way, it was the full-grown plant.

So the reign of God is like this mustard seed. It’s really somewhat dangerous. Yes, it’s small and it grows into a bush and provides shelter to birds. But it might get out of control, take over a field or a garden and suddenly, whatever its beneficial properties, you’re fighting it.

This for us may be the crux of it. Jesus said many things about the reign of God, but above all, he taught in parables. The reign of God is like a mustard seed, or a widow who has lost a coin, or a man who discovered a treasure in a field. He also said things like, the reign of God is near, it is even within you. But most importantly, the reign of God is just a little bit dangerous. It comes to turn our world upside-down. It comes to upend and overturn our expectations and to challenge the kingdoms of this world.

Jesus came preaching the reign of God, not a place, a kingdom, or even something like heaven. The reign of God is a new reality perceived in the midst of the old. It is a new way of being, ushered in by Jesus’ proclamation, expressed in his actions. As he taught, he also healed the sick, restored sinners to God, and brought together groups who had been alienated from one another. He ate with tax collectors and sinners and in his table fellowship offered a vision of a new community in which all might come together.

None of that is particularly obvious. He might have been a miracle worker. Others might have seen him as a fraud. He might have been a rabble-rouser. You probably didn’t want to invite him to dinner; who knows what random guests he might have brought along. But each of those things, his actions as well as his words, pointed to the new reality of God’s reign.

We don’t need to look far to see the reality that we face as a world. I hardly need to recite the litany of troubles facing us locally and globally. Perhaps at the heart of it, however, is this. We know we are beset by many problems, economic, environmental, social. But it seems that as a culture we are unable to come together to address them. Our bitter divisions have only deepened over the last years, and the solutions that have been offered seem only to widen the gaps that exist in our society and world.

Into this world, Jesus comes preaching the good news of the reign of God. And what is the good news? Perhaps only this. To have hope that in spite of the reality we see, that in the midst of it God is working a new thing. The reality is obvious; we are bombarded with it daily. But at the same time, there are signs of God’s inbreaking into that reality, to make it new.

Our mission as the people of God, is not only to proclaim the good news, but to see the good news in the world around us. Where do we see signs of God’s inbreaking into this world? Where do we see signs of God’s reign? We might see it in the work of our food pantry; the guests who visit Off the Square Club or Julia Weaver’s Uptown Sanctuary. It might be something as overlooked as our courtyard garden, where a passerby can pause to enjoy the beauty and shade on a summer’s day, and enjoy the site of baby bunnies. All of this we might take for granted. We might see them as our duty, or as perfectly ordinary. But to those who experience them from the other side, they are rays of hope and joy.

The reign of God is like a mustard seed, the smallest of all seeds that becomes a bush where the birds find homes. Where are the mustard seeds in our world, and in our daily lives, where God’s reign shows signs of breaking in?

Structure and Spirit: A Sermon for Easter 7B, 2024

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May 12, 2024

We’ve been talking a lot over the last few weeks about things that are taking place across the Episcopal Church. There was the special convention last weekend where clergy and lay delegates from all three Episcopal Dioceses in Wisconsin voted to move forward with reunification. That decision will have to be ratified at the General Convention of the Episcopal Church that is taking place the last week of June in Louisville KY. There will be a lot more on the agenda of General Convention—including the election of a presiding bishop to replace Bishop Michael Curry, whose term ends this year. No doubt there will be talk of prayer book revision, or liturgical revision, always a hot-button issue in the Episcopal Church.

As I said in my sermon two weeks ago, most of us don’t pay close attention to the structures and governance of the church. We’re content to come to church from time to time, or quite regularly, and volunteer in some way to support our ministry and mission, whether that is through participating in worship or in one of our committees or groups, or at the food pantry or the Beacon. Most of us don’t like to think about the nuts and bolts of structure and governance and even if we are cajoled into serving on vestry, our church council, we serve our three-year term and never look back. For some, a term on vestry or as warden is enough to turn us off church forever.

Still, like any human institution, the church needs structure. And often we look back to scripture to help us shape our structures. And where better to start than with the passage from Acts we just heard? 

We’ve been jumping around in Acts during Eastertide and now we’re back in the first chapter. In Luke’s telling of the story, this takes place right after the ascension, which he relates both at the end of the gospel of Luke and here in the beginning of Acts. Typically, the lectionary omits the juiciest parts, in this case Luke’s version of Judas’ death; but it is Judas’ betrayal and death that accounts for what comes next and what we do hear, the choice of Matthias as an apostle to replace the betrayer.

It’s quite interesting that the lectionary editors chose to include this little episode in our reading from Acts this year, and that they placed it here, after we’ve heard the wonderful stories of the spirit’s movement—the Ethiopian Eunuch, and the story of Cornelius the Centurion, and before Pentecost, when again we hear a story of the movement of the Spirit.

But in today’s reading while we hear of the movement of the Spirit, it is to do something quite different, namely to provide for order, succession, and structure. It’s interesting to see that even at this early point, the disciples, Jesus’ closest companions, even as they waited for whatever might happen next, were making plans, preparing, setting some guidelines for how they would move forward. It would happen again, throughout Acts as new situations developed—when the community needed more people to help with all the tasks at hand, a group of deacons were commissioned to help distribute food and money to the needy among them. And later, when conflict arose over the relationship among Jews and Gentiles, a council of the leadership was called. Meeting in Jerusalem, they made decisions how to move forward in this new situation.

In addition to omitting the description of Judas’ death; the lectionary editors made one more significant omission. Had they included v. 14, the verse immediately preceding the specified reading, we would have learned that it was not just the eleven who were gathered in this upper room, there were about 120 people—women as well as men, and specifically including Jesus’ mother Mary. One of the themes of Acts, though perhaps one that has been often overlooked, is the important role played by women in the early decades of the Jesus movement, and we see that here as well. It’s the same group that is gathered when the Holy Spirit comes down like flames upon their heads, men and women together receiving that gift and power. 

The gospel reading offers another perspective on this dynamic. Here, we are meant to imagine the same room, probably many of the same people, but chronologically we are taken back before Christ’s crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension, to the Last Supper.

In John’s gospel, Jesus speaks extensively to his disciples about his departure, preparing them for what is to come. In chapter 17, at the end of that lengthy discourse, Jesus offers what is often called the High Priestly Prayer, a conversation, not with his disciples but with God the Father. It’s fascinating what the disciples might have thought of this as they overheard this intimate conversation.

There are a number of themes that emerge from this prayer that Jesus offers to God on behalf of his disciples. The first is the inherent unity of Jesus and the Father, and because of the relationship between Jesus and the disciples, the unity of them with God. Jesus asks the Father to protect them “so that they may be one as we are one.”

Another theme of note is the world—the cosmos. It’s important to recognize all the different ways the cosmos is conceived in John’s gospel. Here we see a fundamental contrast between God and the world; the world is depicted as evil, a threat to the disciples. But even as we hear these words, we must remember other ways in which the cosmos is described: “For God so loved the world…” God loves the world, even in all of its brokenness.

There is one underlying motif that needs mention. We often think of our relationship with Jesus or with God, as a wholly vertical one—it’s about me and God, and my relationships with others might get in the way of that. But here the stress is on community—community of Christ with God, and community of the disciples with God through Christ. There is a horizonality to this relationship with God. Relationship with God is only fully realized if it is expressed in the context of relationship with others. 

And that may be where we return to our starting point. Community can’t exist without structure. Nations, states, cities, have laws that govern our relationships with others. The church too requires structure and governance to survive. Those structures may seem unwieldy at times; they may seem to stand in the way of the movement of the spirit and we may become so frustrated by the details of life in community that we abandon it for the chimera of experiencing God on our own, in the silence and quiet of our minds.

But especially now, as we see the lingering effects of the breakdown of community in our world, with egotism and self-interest running riot, the excesses of neoliberalism and unbridled capitalism; the tendency to erect barriers between groups and to vilify those who hold different beliefs or have different sexualities, or national or ethnic origins, the need to build community, to strengthen community is greater than ever.

To imagine, and make visible a community of Christian love, uniting disparate individuals together, and uniting them with Christ and with God can be a witness to a world in which community is shattering and shattered, where individuals seek meaning and connection that can only be fully realized in relationship with Christ and with others. May we make that community a reality, here in Madison and in the world.

Resurrection Scars: A sermon for 3 Easter B

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Resurrection Scars

3 Easter

Scars. We all have them. Some of them are visible to us and to others; some of them mark our souls and psyches. I’ve got a lot of them. There’s the one on my stomach that I got climbing out of an apple tree; there’s the one on my knuckle that I got playing with my dad’s woodworking tools. I’ve got an appendectomy scar—that’s pretty recent.

But my oldest scar is related to my earliest memory, when I was three years old. I was chasing my sister down the hall; she turned the corner and I didn’t, hitting my forehead right on the corner of the plastered wall. Although it’s barely visible now, it has shaped my life. For it was that event that led to the discovery of my poor eyesight, two childhood surgeries followed, dozens of trips to the eye doctor, and glasses, of course. When I started thinking about scars this week, I was surprised at how faded it is. As large as it looms in my memory, it’s barely noticeable now.

I’m sure you all have similar stories—some of you probably have scars, visible or invisible of wounds or pain that you would rather not remember, mementos of suffering that you’d rather not revisit, of trauma that continues to burden you. 

You may be wondering why I’ve started my sermon talking about scars and pain. It’s Easter season, a beautiful spring day, and who wants to think about suffering and pain now? We’ve had enough of that in recent years, enough of that in Lent and Holy Week. Well, as we turn to today’s gospel reading, I think it’s informative to keep the image of scars in our mind as we think about the Risen Christ.

I love the gospel stories of the appearance of the risen Christ to the disciples. They’re full of drama and fascinating detail and they deserve close attention and reflection. There are some very familiar stories, like the story of Thomas, which was read last week. In fact, if you remember that story, you might have been struck by the similarities between these two stories. 

Both take place on the day of resurrection, both take place with a group of disciples, both take place in the upper room. Both also emphasize the fear of the disciples when the risen Christ appears to them. Both stories deny that Jesus is a ghost. Both stories also involve touching. In John, Thomas demands, though never follows through, to place his hands in Jesus’ wounds. In Luke, Jesus invites the disciples to touch him. In both, Jesus mentions forgiveness of sins. There are differences as well: Thomas isn’t mentioned in the Luke story; and there’s no mention of Jesus eating fish in the John story.

 Among all the details in all of the stories of the appearance of the Risen Christ to the disciples, there’s one that stands out, one detail that’s common to all of them—that the disciples didn’t recognize him. That’s true of Mary Magdalene in the garden; it’s true of these stories, and of the disciples on the road to Emmaus. Famously, and as the collect for the day reminds us, the disciples who met Jesus on the road to Emmaus knew Jesus in the breaking of the bread.

This time, however, it wasn’t in the breaking of the bread, or Jesus naming the disciple, as happened with Mary Magdalene. Rather, it was when he showed them the marks of the nails in his hands and feet, when he showed them his scars, that they recognized him as their risen Lord.

There’s a deep theological truth in that fact. The idea of resurrection is hard to understand, hard to get our heads around. We often assume it’s like resuscitation and we’ve got enough models of that in popular culture to shape our thinking—zombies, for example. When we think of our own resurrections, and not that of Christ, our thinking may be even more muddled. 

We may imagine that eternal life has nothing to do with our bodies, that it has to do only with our disembodied souls. But the scriptural tradition, and early Christian theology is quite clear on this point, and it’s worth noting that it’s shared in the Jewish tradition of the day (though not so much in contemporary Judaism)—that the resurrection was about the body as well as the soul—that it affected the whole person, of which our bodies are an integral part.

I point this out because I think it’s important that the body of the Risen Christ bore the marks of his crucifixion, his scars. What I think that means is that in those scars, Jesus bore the marks of his suffering, now transformed by the healing power of God and of resurrection. His suffering wasn’t erased or forgotten but brought along into this new existence.

So too with us. We often think our pain is punishment, our wounds are the just rewards for our misdeeds, even if they were caused by something, or someone, outside of ourselves. And we may think that in a perfect world, in the resurrection, all of that would be done away with. But to what extent are our scars, our wounds part of who we are? Our identity? That’s certainly the case with the scar on my forehead—it reminds me of everything I went through as a child, all of my struggles. It helped make me who I am.

My old friend, Augustine of Hippo, said something quite similar. In the marvelous 22nd book of the City of God, he offered his thoughts on the resurrection, and on resurrection bodies. It wasn’t that in the resurrection we would have no bodies, or that our bodies would be perfect—there were apparently some who speculated that we would all be raised to be 33 years old, in the prime of life. For Augustine, Jesus’ scars suggested that we would bring with us all of those marks and imperfections with us in the resurrection; but that they would be transformed in some way, so that everything that made us who we are as individuals would be preserved and glorified.

There’s another way to think about this. It’s important to remember that God is present with us now, in our suffering and pain, and that even if we are not healed in this lifetime, in the life to come we will be. That may make the suffering no easier to deal with in the present, but trusting in God’s healing presence in the midst of that suffering is transformative.

That’s true not only of our own individual wounds. It’s also true of the systemic violence and trauma that we experience and inflict. There’s a tendency these days to want to overlook such violence and trauma—whether it’s the history of slavery and racism in our nation or the suffering and violence inflicted on Native Americans. We want to shove it under the rug or ignore it. But there’s no way around it. Being honest about that suffering, being honest about the wounds and scars carried on the bodies of marginalized peoples is the only means of becoming a healed society.

The risen Christ bears marks of all that suffering on his body, his own and ours, and in his glorified scars, we see our healing transformed by the power of God’s grace and love, as we and the whole world are made new through the cross and resurrection. Thanks be to God.

Do We See Jesus: A Sermon for Lent 5B, 2024

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March 17, 2024

Among the many things that continue to fascinate and inspire me about our tradition, our worship, and our liturgical calendar, are the ways that themes reverberate and ring changes across the liturgical seasons and years. I’ve been thinking a lot these past few weeks about how my experience and practice during Lent have changed over the years. In fact, I remarked to some clergy colleagues that I just don’t seem to have the energy and desire to engage in the sorts of spiritual disciplines and activities that used to be a central part of Lent for me. I think a bit of that can be attributed to the way in which Lent has been shaped for me by the experience of the pandemic—the shutdown, the isolation, the widespread suffering and panic. 

Still, the themes of Lent have their way of working on me, sometimes quite subtly. It can be a hymn, or in today’s worship, Psalm 51. As we were reciting and chanting the verses from Psalm 51 this morning, I was reminded that we had said this same psalm on Ash Wednesday, after the imposition of the ashes. Then, I and you were hoping for a Holy Lent, a time when we might deepen our relationship with God in Christ, experience repentance and forgiveness of our sins and grow spiritually. Now, as Lent draws to a close, those verses remind me of all the ways my actions and discipline in Lent have fallen short of what I had hoped for, another missed opportunity. I am grateful again, and continuously, for God’s mercy and grace.

I doubt few of us are sad that Lent is drawing to a close. There’s Easter to look forward to and the excitement and new life that arrives with Spring. Today is the 5th Sunday in Lent. It was traditionally known as Passion Sunday,–and its focus shifts from themes of spiritual discipline and penitence, toward an emphasis on the cross and Christ’s passion. 

We are also at a turning point in John’s gospel. The Sunday lectionary doesn’t provide us with a lot of help in understanding the overall structure of John’s gospel, but our reading today brings to an end the first half of the gospel. In the first twelve chapters we are introduced to Jesus’ public ministry. We see him engaging with the Jewish authorities, with the crowds in Jerusalem and elsewhere. Today, we encounter Greeks. From this point on, however, Jesus will focus on teaching his disciples. In John’s gospel, the Last Supper extends for four chapters—from 13-17, with a lengthy Farewell discourse in which Jesus prepares his disciples for his departure from them. His only interactions with people other than disciples comes during his arrest and trial.

Even as this passage marks a transition in John’s gospel, it also returns us to the very first chapter; to the powerful and symbolic scene of the Jesus calling his first disciples. For Philip and Andrew appeared there as well, as the first two disciples mentioned by name. Now, Greeks come to them imploring them, “Sir, we would like to see Jesus.” Back in chapter 1, when Jesus discovered Andrew and another disciple following him, he turned and asked them, “What are you looking for?” They replied, “Where are you staying?” To which Jesus replied, “Come and see.” There’s something else fascinating about all this. Philip and Andrew—those two names are derived from Greek, not Hebrew or Aramaic, so are we meant to imagine that it wasn’t an accident that of all the disciples, the Greeks came to those two?

Now it is other seekers who come looking for Jesus, wanting to see him—Greeks, John tells us. It’s likely that either one of two possibilities are intended. Perhaps these Greeks were Greek-speaking Jews, having come from another part of the Roman empire to observe the Passover in Jerusalem. 

It’s also possible that they were proselytes—among those non-Jews who were attracted to the high ethical standards of Judaism, and while they hadn’t undergone full conversion, they observed some of Jewish law and worshipped in synagogues. Either is possible, and either makes John’s larger point, that this is the moment that Jesus’ ministry and message is expanding beyond the Jewish community, to the whole world.

What’s curious in this episode is that it’s not clear whether the Greeks are present throughout the scene. They are never mentioned again. We don’t know if they saw Jesus.

But that’s not really the point. It’s another, a final opportunity for the gospel writer, and Jesus, to reiterate central themes of the gospel. 

There is a great deal more I could say about these few verses, but I want to focus on Jesus’ final statement. The passage concludes with Jesus’ statement, “And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” This is the heart of John’s gospel, the heart of Jesus’ ministry and person. In the cross, we see Jesus, in the cross, on the cross, Jesus draws us and the whole world to himself. In the cross, on the cross, we see God’s love for us.

Ponder that statement a moment, “And I, when I am lifted up, will draw all people to myself.” Do you get the significance of it? We’re inclined to think salvation is something we need to do, to get right, to believe the right thing. We are inclined to wonder whether we are saved or not, or if we certain we’re saved, whether those people over there are or should be. Jesus, the cross, are often divisive rather than uniting but here Jesus says two things of significance: first, that it’s for everyone, and second, that he is doing the work, he is drawing all of us to him, to the cross.

These are words of great comfort, of reassurance. They remind us that the cross is about love, God’s love for us, Christ’s love for us and for the world, and that the power of that love is drawing us, all of us, the whole world to the cross, to Jesus, to God. That is the God, the Christ we see on the cross.

Did the Greeks see Jesus? In the gospel of John, “seeing” is a prelude to faith, at most, it is an inadequate, partial faith. It is a first step, an entrance and first exposure to the abundant life that is offered through relationship with and in Jesus Christ.

Do we see Jesus? Do we see Jesus in our shared life and worship as the body of Christ, do we see Jesus in the bread and wine of the Eucharist, in the proclamation of the Word of God. Do we see Jesus in our outreach in the community? Do we see Jesus?

What do others see when they come to us? Do they see, in the quality of our relationships, in the way we support and help each other, in our interactions with each other and with our neighbors, do they see Jesus? 

People come to us asking, sometimes overtly and openly, but more often quietly, leaving the question unspoken; they ask “We wish to see Jesus.” Do we even hear them? And if they are persistent, if they have the courage to ask the question out loud, what is our response? Embarrassed silence? 

As we continue to explore our mission and ministry in this neighborhood and city, as we seek to reach out to our neighbors, I would hope that these questions are at the heart of our work and our reflection. To those who come seeking Jesus, wishing to see Jesus, I hope that we can show them in our common life and in our work, that Jesus is present among us fills us with life and love, and that through us, they may not only see Jesus but enter into the abundant life that comes through relationship with him.

And for those who do not come in search of Jesus, who are blinded or scarred, uninterested or opposed, are we able to show them that their assumptions are wrong, that among us, in us, through us, Jesus offers new life and hope.

Can we see, know, and share, that when Jesus is lifted up from the earth, his love draws all people to himself? 

Wilt Thou forgive that sin? A Sermon for Lent 3B, 2024

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We just sang one of my favorite Lenten hymns: “Wilt thou forgive that sin where I begun”—the text is by the seventeenth century poet, and dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London, John Donne. Donne is not an easy poet to understand, his images are complex, often confusing, and he often uses words that were already archaic in his day, and incomprehensible. He also often invented words. 

Donne was from a Roman Catholic family—his brother died in prison, after having been apprehended for harboring a Jesuit priest. Donne himself converted to the Church of England, probably in part to secure his career. And his call to holy orders came only when other, more lucrative career opportunities were closed off to him. He eventually became the Dean of St. Paul’s and became one of the most famous preachers of his day, a status that is largely inexplicable to contemporary readers of his sermons.

He wrote a great deal of poetry, though little of it was published in his lifetime, and his secular, love poetry is as highly prized as is his religious works like the words we just sang. His most famous poem is probably “Death be not proud” but he is probably even more famous for the words he wrote as he lay in a sickbed and heard the funeral bell tolling: “No man is an island, entire of itself …” A recent biography, Super-Infinite: The Transformations of John Donne by Katherine Rundell is a beautiful and insightful introduction to his life and work.

In the hymn we just sang, Donne is exploring the various types of sins he has committed, and asking God whether God’s forgiveness extends to those and to him. He begins with original sin, “that sin where I begun;” then mentions his habitual sins, those he commits, though he knows he should not. He asks about the sins he led others into, and sins he was able to abstain from for a year or two, though he relapsed. And finally, he asks about the sin of fear, or despair, that when he dies, his sins will not be forgiven; but then he asks that God swears by Godself, that Christ will be there, shining, as Christ’s presence shines now, and forgives him. 

It’s a probing self-examination that may make us feel a bit uncomfortable, even in this penitential season of Lent. Though he speaks to our own experiences, we moderns tend not to want to examine ourselves too closely. We are quick to condemn the sins of others, to decry the systemic sins that surround us and in which we are enmeshed, but when we come to our own sins and shortcomings, we may feel a bit uncomfortable being too honest with ourselves or with others.

Perhaps my explication of the text unsettled you in some way. I know that we often don’t pay close attention to the words of the hymns we sing, we may catch a phrase or an idea, but often the words seem less important than the music as a whole, which can move us and bring us into communion with each other and with God.

There was a time, probably before I was ordained, that I often turned to Donne in Lent. He’s one of those authors who speaks to the human condition, our brokenness and sin, but also, as in this hymn, beautifully expresses the power and extent of God’s mercy and grace. When we are turned off by language of sin and repentance, we may forget that such language opens us to the riches of God’s grace and the ways that, through grace, and our repentance, God is working to remake us in God’s image.

Donne is one of those authors I often return to during Lent. There was a time, back before I was ordained, I think, when I spent considerable time with his poetry and other writings during this season. The beauty and power of his language, the clear-eyed way in which he examines himself, encouraged me to deepen my relationship with God, to lay bare my soul before God, and open myself, more widely and deeply to God’s loving grace.

There are other images and texts to which I turn in this season, and one of the most powerful is today’s reading from I Corinthians. My history with this text goes back much further than my relationship with Donne, back to my undergraduate years and the first course I took on Paul. 

Like Donne’s seventeenth-century English and his focus on sin, Paul can be off-putting to twenty-first century sensibilities. His letters bear witness to his difficult personality and the many conflicts in which he was embroiled. Many decry him for his lack of interest in Jesus’ teachings—which are what attract many twenty-first century people. He’s often difficult to read, opaque in his argumentation, and at his worst, or at the worst of his editors and transcribers, a virulent misogynist.

All that aside, Paul offers a compelling vision of God in Christ, and it is here, in these verses, that we see that vision at its clearest and most compelling. He is writing in defense of his ministry and preaching, and he appeals to the cross as testimony and proof of the truth of his teaching:

 For Jews demand signs and Greeks desire wisdom, but we proclaim Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those who are the called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. For God’s foolishness is wiser than human wisdom, and God’s weakness is stronger than human strength.

Paul here is alluding to a central paradox of the Christian faith, the paradox of the cross. In this horrific death by torture, a vivid demonstration of Roman power and ruthlessness, we see Jesus crushed and killed. There could be no starker display of his human weakness. Yet for Paul, on the cross we see the power and wisdom of God. 

Elsewhere, in II Corinthians when Paul is talking about his own personal physical weakness and infirmity, he says that in response to his prayer, Christ said to him, “power is made perfect in weakness.” In other words, the cross is a demonstration of Christ’s power, of God’s power. Yet, that power, an allusion to the vindication of Christ through the resurrection, that power never erases the fact of the cross. The cross still stands, Jesus’ suffering remains. 

It’s a message that’s often overlooked and ignored by Christian triumphalism. We internalize and spiritualize the cross to rid it of its revolutionary message. We ignore the pain and suffering of the cross to focus on the joy of resurrection. When Christianity becomes enmeshed in power politics, in empire, nationalism, and white supremacy, the symbol of the cross often becomes a weapon wielded against the weak, the stranger and the alien, unbelievers, adherents of other religions.

One of our great challenges as Christians in this historical moment is to proclaim Christ crucified, folly and stumbling block, or literally, scandal. Our challenge is to see and to proclaim the cross as power made perfect in weakness, not to wield it as a weapon against others. In this day, when much of Christianity seems to have become another means by which people assert their own individual rights in a zero-sum game that results in the infringement of the rights of others, preaching Christ crucified, taking up our crosses, is a truly revolutionary message and way of being in the world.

On the cross, we see God’s weakness and God’s power. On the cross we see God’s love, incarnate, and suffering. On the cross, we see Christ giving himself for us and for the world, forgiving our sins and the sins of the world. On the cross, we see Christ, showing us a new way of being in the world, forgiven, and forgiving, sharing God’s love, bring hope to the hopeless, offering love to a world filled with anger and hate. As we walk the way of the cross this Lent and into Holy Week, may we enter into the love that Christ shares, on the cross and in our hearts, may we experience the forgiveness of our sins, and share God’s forgiving mercy and grace with the world.

Good Lord, Deliver Us: A Sermon for 1LentB, 2024

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February 18, 2024

I love the Great Litany! I know it’s unfamiliar and strange to most of you. We use it only once a year at Grace, on the First Sunday in Lent and I’m guessing some of you, perhaps most of you, didn’t pay close attention to the words as they were chanted by Margaret as she has done every year I’ve been at Grace.

The Great Litany is one of those things that connects us powerfully to the past—to the past of the Anglican tradition, and also to the deeper past of our common humanity. It’s actually the first liturgical text created in English by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer, published in 1544 and used throughout the kingdom in the runup to Henry VIII’s military campaigns in Scotland and France. It was then included in the first Book of Common Prayer published in 1549, and republished and altered throughout the centuries.

The version we use has been cleaned up a good bit: there is no mention in the 1979 version of the “detestable enormities of the bishop of Rome” for example. But even our version connects us to the fragility of human life in the pre-modern period; reminders that childbirth was dangerous for both mother and child, that life was hard, short, and subject to the violence of nations and nature.

Twenty years ago, I might have drawn attention to the apparent dissimilarities between the pre-modern world and our own, as science and technology seemed to have protected us from so many of the dangers faced by earlier generations. But now, we are learning how tenuous life on earth and life in community are—we are living through plague and pestilence, earthquakes, fires, drought, and flood, and wars are ravaging.

To be confronted with this ancient text, its roots lie much deeper than 16thcentury England, in fact may feel like someone has poured cold water over our heads, shocking our system, our sensibilities, taking us out of our comfort zone. In that way, the Great Litany is very much like the imposition of ashes on Ash Wednesday. As familiar as that rite may be, to hear, or say “Remember that you are dust and to dust you shall return” strips us bare of all of our defenses, and reminds us profoundly, and utterly, of our humanity and our mortality, and our dependence on God for our lives.

Lent should disrupt us and our lives. Just as the ashes on Ash Wednesday remind us of our humanity, mortality, and the fragility of our existence, so to does the Great Litany remind us of our dependence on God, and the struggles-physical, spiritual, communal that we face day by day. Both of them call us to refocus our lives on the God who created us and on Jesus Christ, through whose death and resurrection we begin to experience our remaking in the image of God.

Each year, our gospel is the story of Jesus’ temptation in the wilderness. That’s a little bit of a misleading title, at least for the Gospel of Mark. For in these few verses, we see it all, the transition from baptism, to wilderness, to preaching the reign of God and we’re encouraged to see the connections between these three elements. But even as we do that, we’re probably inclined to overlook the brevity and simplicity of Mark’s version of Jesus in the wilderness, and what he might be trying to teach us.

Here’s Mark’s version: 

And the Spirit immediately drove him out into the wilderness. He was in the wilderness forty days, tempted by Satan; and he was with the wild beasts; and the angels waited on him.

Perhaps the most important thing in Mark’s terse description of these events is the connections between Jesus’ baptism and the wilderness. I have stressed several times already the violent language Mark used in describing the baptism—the heavens were torn apart, ripped apart, and the Holy Spirit came down. Now, we see similar violent language in his description of the Holy Spirit.

What can Mark have meant by telling us that “immediately the Spirit drove Jesus into the wilderness?” “drove” that’s powerful, almost violent language, and indeed it’s the very same word that Mark uses to describe Jesus’ actions and power when he drives unclean spirits out of possessed people. And we might go further and see a deeper connection—the Holy Spirit entered into Jesus at his baptism, possessed him, we might say. 

There’s something else worth noting. Our translation says Satan “tempted” him, in fact, a better translation would be tested, not tempted. That is to say, rather than be enticed or lured away from his mission, Mark seems to be suggesting that he is being assessed, evaluated—will he be up to the task that is set before him?

All of this takes place in the wilderness, where Jesus was with the wild beasts and the angels ministered to him. That’s all Mark tells us; that’s all he thinks we need to know. We don’t know the content of the “testing” nor do we know Jesus’ mental or spiritual state as he was undergoing it. All we know is that when he returned from the wilderness and his testing, he began his public ministry, proclaiming the good news of the reign of God. 

The wilderness is a rich image, one with a lengthy history in the biblical tradition, going back to the sojourn of the Hebrews in the wilderness. Whatever else the wilderness might have been, it was wild, as Mark’s mention of the “wild beasts” emphasizes. The wilderness is not civilized; it is not a safe place. 

All of us have experienced such wild and dangerous places. All of us have sojourned in the wilderness, whether for forty days or forty years. Some of us may feel ourselves in such a place today. We may be struggling to experience God’s presence in our lives; we may sense that we are beset by wild beasts or other struggles. Our spiritual lives may seem as dry and barren as a desert. We may be lost and discern no way forward.

Certainly, today, this week, we may feel very much like we are in a wilderness, in uncharted territory, beset by dangers. And whether our wilderness is something only we are experiencing—struggles in our families or work, with illness, or doubt, or it is because of larger events in our community, nation or world, it can very much seem like we are lost and alone. 

It’s important to remember that Jesus experienced his period of testing after his baptism, after receiving the powerful affirmation of who he was. He had heard the voice from heaven saying, “You are my Son, the Beloved.” That affirmation went with him into the wilderness, into his period of testing and it went with him when he emerged and began his public ministry.

It is an affirmation we too have heard, that we are God’s beloved children. Like Jesus, we have been given the gift of the Holy Spirit to empower us to do God’s work in the world. We might even see ourselves like Jesus, driven into the wilderness, driven by the Holy Spirit into the world, to do that work. 

Lent is a time when we are inclined to focus on internal work—on prayer, reflection, other spiritual disciplines. In the face of the horrible tragedies that we witness, and all of the problems that are swirling around in our culture and news, it often seems both like prayer is all that we can do, and that prayer is much too little, ineffectual. Praying the Great Litany, as powerful as its language is, may seem like little more than play-acting in the face of the world’s problems. But even as we are pleading with God to intervene, to save and protect us, the words of the litany are also working on and in us, as prayer always should. Those powerful and ancient words are shaping us, remaking us, helping us to see ourselves with new eyes and opening our hearts to God’s presence and redemptive work.

Jesus came back from the wilderness having claimed his call, found his voice. He returned from the wilderness and began his public ministry, healing the sick, casting out demons, proclaiming God’s reign. Remembering our baptisms, empowered by the Holy Spirit, may this Lent be not only a time of testing and reflection, but a time when we find our voices and call, and proclaim with renewed hope and courage, the good news of the coming of God’s reign.

Waiting, Serving, Healing: A Sermon for Epiphany 5B, 2024

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February 4, 2024

Last Sunday we sang one of my favorite hymns; the great Charles Wesley, “O for a thousand tongues to sing.” It’s one of the hymns I know practically by heart, one that I’ve sung dozens of times. As familiar as it is, like many hymns, its words can strike differently in different contexts. Take verse 6, for example:

Hear him, ye Deaf; ye voiceless ones,
Your loosen’d Tongues employ;
Ye Blind behold your Saviour’s come,
And leap, ye Lame for Joy. 

On the surface, unremarkable, perhaps but it points to something significant, and challenging in our times. We hear and say a lot about welcoming people, embracing people of different ethnicities and sexualities, of accommodating people with physical or mental challenges but especially in the latter cases—there are often unspoken assumptions that may raise barriers to full acceptance or engagement in the community. We often don’t realize how our hymns, and our scriptures can be such barriers. 

When we come to Jesus’ healing miracles, we may, unconsciously or subconsciously compare them to our own common life—looking to fix or heal other people rather than seeing them as challenging us to grow, and change, and learn. Some of you may recall a sermon a year or so ago in which I referenced the book: My Body is not your prayer request in which the author, Amy Kenny advocates for disability justice in the church.

There are physical barriers that have been constructed, and there are psychological, and even religious barriers that we erect that make full inclusion difficult, if not impossible.

In this little story, in these few verses, Mark has once again packed a world of ideas. First of all, think about the difference in settings between the healing that occurs in today’s story, and the story last week. Last Sunday, a possessed man was rid of an unclean spirit in a public space, in the midst of the synagogue. Today’s story takes place in private, in a home, in domestic space. 

There is a difference as well in the healing and in its aftermath. The unclean spirit, recognizes and identifies Jesus—You are the Holy One of God, but wants nothing to do with Jesus, and we don’t know what happens to him after the exorcism. In a way, the possessed man and Simon’s mother-in-law are in the same situation. They are both debilitated by their maladies, and by definition, they are robbed of whatever status and role they might have had. The possessed man can only disrupt synagogue services, and Simon’s mother-in-law is bed-ridden. Jesus’ act of healing, in both cases, restores them to their roles. 

There’s something else worth noting in Mark’s brief description of the healing. There’s a tenderness, an intimacy in Jesus’ actions. He reaches down to touch her, and “lifts her up”—language evocative of other healing stories in the gospel and of the resurrection.

Cured of her illness, Simon’s mother-in-law served Jesus and the others. But it is interesting. It’s interesting not because it is behavior we might expect of a woman in a traditional culture, or too often, in our own. Our culture, indeed our church continues to be conflicted about such roles. In the context of Mark’s gospel and early Christianity, her serving takes on added significance. For one thing, the term used is the greek word, diakonia, which of course is the word from which our own word, deacon, comes. But there’s more, much more. It’s the same word that appears just a few verses earlier, in Mark’s description of the temptation in the wilderness. V. 13 reads: “He was in the wilderness for forty days, tempted by Satan; and he was with the wild beasts; and the angels waited on him.” The word translated here as “waited” is the same word used in our reading of Peter’s mother-in-law: “she began to serve them.”

 Much later, at the crucifixion, Mark tells us that there were women watching from afar, and Mark writes that these women had followed Jesus and “served him” in Galilee. They were his disciples, and as we shall see, in some ways these women were model disciples, disciples who stayed with him, while the men ran away.

To put it clearly. Jesus’ healing of Simon’s mother-in-law is not just about restoring her to her community and to her role. It is about equipping her to be a disciple. She got up and served them. We might be tempted to see this as her simply returning to the traditional, role of a wife and mother in a patriarchal culture. But for Mark, it’s more than that. She stands as a disciple, one who follows Jesus and ministers to him. She stands as a contrast to the unclean spirit who wanted to have nothing to do with Jesus. She also stands in contrast to those other disciples who came looking for Jesus when he went away for prayer and solitude.

This little gospel reading is challenging in so many ways, not because we have to struggle to make meaning out of it, but because it reflects our own situation, our own relationships with Jesus. Imagine the scene, after these two healings, everyone with a problem comes to Jesus. They’ve heard of his miraculous powers, and they want him to help them. We can imagine the scene. Dozens, hundreds of people waiting in line, pressing at him to get his attention, to feel his healing touch. At the end of it all, Jesus is exhausted, worn out, and he goes away by himself to pray and recover. Mark writes: 

“In the morning, while it was still very dark, he got up and went to a deserted place, and there he prayed.”

It’s a telling moment in Mark’s gospel, a rare occasion when Jesus is off by himself. After all that excitement and work, he needs to be by himself, recover and rejuvenate, to pray, to be with God

But even then he’s not left alone. His disciples come after him. The text says, “they hunted him down.” And what do they do? Do they ask, “How can we help? How can we serve you?” No, they tell him the obvious, that everyone’s looking for you.

Jesus responds enigmatically, saying, we’re not going back. We’re moving on. I’ve got more work to do. “I have to go elsewhere, to other towns, and proclaim the good news there.” Jesus turns his back on Capernaum, he turns his back on whoever back there he might not have healed, or whoever might have come late and missed their chance, and he moves on proclaiming the good news, of the coming of God’s reign.

In a way it’s a fitting end to this story, and brings us back to the beginning of my sermon. For even Jesus couldn’t do it all; he needed time to regroup, time to be with God, to deepen his relationship with God before embarking on a new mission in new territory. None of us can do it by ourselves. To respond to God’s call, to serve those in need require skill, and energy. But it also requires us to make room for others, to enable others to serve and do their part. 

One of the things I’m learning as I enter this stage of my ministry, is to make room for those others, to give others space and opportunity to use their gifts and skills, to follow their passions, to respond to God’s call in ways that are appropriate to their context, their experience, and their abilities. As a congregation, we would do well to hear that message, to follow Jesus, to equip and make room for everyone to serve the body of Christ, to be the body of Christ.

The words from Isaiah call us to remember the importance of bringing those burdens to God, as Jesus brought his to God in prayer. As we think about the upcoming season of Lent; they may inspire us: 

but those who wait for the Lord shall renew their strength,
they shall mount up with wings like eagles,

they shall run and not be weary,
they shall walk and not faint.

Amen.

A Whale of a Sermon: Epiphany 3B, 2024

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 “Whale Pulpit” Ss. Peter and Paul Church, Duszniki, Poland. Photo by Magdalena Łanuszka, http://en.posztukiwania.pl/2016/05/06/big-fish-in-a-pulpit/

It’s one of those great ironies, and perhaps an indictment of the 3-year lectionary cycle, that the Book of Jonah gets so little love in the Sunday Eucharistic lectionary. I mean, if you ever went to Sunday School as a kid, if you had a story bible, if you know anything about the Old Testament, and even if you don’t, you’ve heard something about Jonah and the whale. It’s a great story, full of drama, big fish, and lots of humor. But we will only hear from it once in the three-year lectionary, this reading of a smattering of verses from chapter 3 (the same chapter comes up as an alternative reading in year A).

I get it; I get the discomfort. I had figured out the problems with a literal, historical reading of Jonah when I was a young boy. Whales can’t ingest humans; people can’t survive for three days in a whale’s belly; a whale couldn’t get from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf to spew Jonah out, and on and on. One commentator remarked that of all the details in the story of Jonah, that he was eaten by a whale is the most plausible. But it’s a great story!

The cultural and theological significance of it go far beyond the story’s detail. Look at that image on the front cover of a pulpit in the shape of a whale. What must it be like to preach from such a thing? It certainly would enhance one’s sense of responsibility, of obligation and authority and it draws attention both the brevity of the sermon Jonah preached (six words in English, five in Hebrew) and the amazing response to that sermon by the people (and cattle) of Nineveh. 

On Friday, I had a conversation with some clergy friends that detoured into talking about preaching and about what we expect our sermons to do. Oddly enough, none of us brought up Jonah’s example as a sermon either to emulate, or to expect that level of response from one’s congregation. 

Well, let’s dig in a bit.

For if there’s anything unlikely, unbelievable, it’s the effect of Jonah’s preaching. The text says that Nineveh was a large city; it was a three-day’s walk from one end to the other, and that when Jonah arrived, he walked a day into it, and there preached his message of doom and destruction. That’s all it took. One lone voice, six simple words in Hebrew. Just this, coming from a foreigner, and the whole city, man and beast, put on sackcloth and ashes, and repented of their wickedness. It could happen, I suppose.

What comes next is equally surprising. Having prophesied doom and destruction, Jonah leaves the city, finds a hill overlooking it, and settles in to watch the carnage. God provides him with a bush that grows up to give Jonah shade from the hot sun, a turn of events that made Jonah quite happy, but the next day, God caused a worm to kill the bush so that it withered and Jonah got sunburnt. He also got angry.

If you were Jonah, how would you respond to this development? One would think he would be pleased with himself, proud of the effects of his preaching. But no. He complains to God, saying that the reason he didn’t want to go in the first place was because he knew this would happen. He knew God was a gracious God, full of mercy, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love, ready to relent. In other words, if Jonah was going to prophesy doom and destruction, he wanted to see it happen.

So what should we make of all this? A prophet who doesn’t want to be a prophet, certainly doesn’t want to be a successful prophet and resists his call. On that level, we can understand the story all to well. We can imagine resisting the tug of duty and responsibility, turning away from what we know we ought to do. We can even imagine, most of us, sensing God calling us in a certain direction, calling us to deeper commitment, to a richer spiritual life, and turning away.

That’s all easy to imagine, and in that sense, Jonah represents us, everyman. But there’s more to the story than just Jonah. Besides Jonah and God, there’s another actor, or set of actors in the story, and that is Nineveh itself. Now, Nineveh was the heart of the Assyrian empire, one of the great empires of the ancient near east, and one of the most brutal. It was Assyria that had destroyed the northern kingdom of Israel in the 8th century bce. Nineveh was the evil empire. Its power dwarfed all of its neighbors, including the kingdom of Judah. That makes Jonah’s resistance to God’s call all the more understandable, even if that’s not the excuse Jonah gave himself.

In the end, the book of Jonah is not primarily about Jonah. It is about God. It is a story of God’s love, mercy, steadfast love. It is about proclaiming not just God’s displeasure and threatening destruction, it is about knowing who God is, and proclaiming that message of love, mercy, and steadfast love. 

When God rebukes Jonah at the end of the story, God points out that if Jonah was concerned about a bush, how much more should God be concerned about the city of Nineveh with its more than 120,000 inhabitants, and also animals. This is a story about the universalizing of God’s love and mercy. Jonah, and the original readers of this text, were being challenged to expand their notion of God and of God’s love. For all God’s love and concern for the Jewish people in the post-exilic period, the Hebrew Bible and the book of Jonah, bear witness to a growing understanding that God is God of all creation, the God of all humanity and God’s love and mercy extends to all humans, even to one’s enemies.

I wonder how many of us are like Jonah, so hardened in our attitudes, so critical of those with whom we disagree, that what we really want is to see them destroyed by God’s wrath, embarrassment in the media, or humiliating political defeat? We proclaim God’s judgment on our opponents but do we ever consider what might happen if they changed their minds, if they repented of the actions that we regard as sinful, evil, oppressive and unjust? 

Are we like Jonah, who having delivered our prophetic message in the most self-righteous of language and attitude, are now sitting above the city, waiting for its destruction? Or can we imagine that God might accept the repentance and show mercy?

And that’s the message for us as well. Like Jonah, that is what God is calling us to, as individuals and as a congregation. The God who is calling us is not a God of wrath and destruction, no matter how much some Christians in our culture would have us and everyone else believe it. The God who calls us is unimaginable in the extent of the love, mercy, and patience God has. It is that God we have experienced ourselves in the forgiveness of our sins. It is that God we are called to share with a world that knows hate and fear and violence. It is that message, a message we know for ourselves, that we need to bring to those around us. And we need to proclaim it throughout the our community and the world. Wherever there is animosity and hate, whatever enemies we fear, God’s steadfast love and mercy is present even there, even among them. God is reaching out, seeking the lost, extending God’s love to the unloved, the hated, the reviled, whether they live on the other side of the world, or right next door.